Valorization of Afzelia bella oilseeds cake in bioethanol production using 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ionic liquid and dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment

Arnold MULULA; Abdeldjalil BOUZINA; Benoit DEBROUX; Arsene MUABU; Elisée MUKEBU; Josephine K. NTUMBA; Kazadi T. KASHISHI; Ahmed ZAKI; Thierno N. MANOKA; Kalulu M. TABA

doi:10.55779/nsb16211967

Authors

Arnold MULULA Université de Kinshasa, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, BP 190, Kinshasa XI; Université Catholique de Louvain, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Bioengineering; Université de Kinshasa, Organic Chemistry and Energy Laboratory, BP 190, Kinshasa XI (CD) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-4181
Abdeldjalil BOUZINA Cairo University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany and Microbiology (EG)
Benoit DEBROUX Université Catholique de Louvain, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Bioengineering (BE)
Arsene MUABU Université de Kinshasa, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, BP 190, Kinshasa XI; Université de Kinshasa, Organic Chemistry and Energy Laboratory, BP 190, Kinshasa XI (CD)
Elisée MUKEBU Université de Kinshasa, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, BP 190, Kinshasa XI; Université de Kinshasa, Organic Chemistry and Energy Laboratory, BP 190, Kinshasa XI (CD)
Josephine K. NTUMBA Université de Kinshasa, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, BP 190, Kinshasa XI; Université de Kinshasa, Organic Chemistry and Energy Laboratory, BP 190, Kinshasa XI (CD) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1914-3741
Kazadi T. KASHISHI Université de Kinshasa, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, BP 190, Kinshasa XI; Université de Kinshasa, Organic Chemistry and Energy Laboratory, BP 190, Kinshasa XI (CD)
Ahmed ZAKI Ainshams University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry (EG)
Thierno N. MANOKA University of Lorraine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, Department of Engineering (FR)
Kalulu M. TABA Université de Kinshasa, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, BP 190, Kinshasa XI; Université de Kinshasa, Organic Chemistry and Energy Laboratory, BP 190, Kinshasa XI (CD) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2784-9333

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb16211967

Keywords:

Afzelia bella oilseeds cake, ethanol fermentation, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ionic liquids, lignocellulosic biomass, pretreatment

Abstract

The use of renewable feedstocks and the variability of lignocellulosic feedstocks generating fermentable sugars also offer the advantages of the most abundant, sustainable and competitive non-food biomass. The aim of this study is to valorize the oilcake obtained from non-conventional Congolese Afzelia bella oilseeds, after extraction of the oil used in biodiesel production. The conversion of A. bella oilseeds cake into ethanol was carried out using the two methods of pretreatment (with the synthesized ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride and dilute sulfuric acid), followed by hydrolysis with dilute sulfuric acid and fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The lignocellulosic composition of the sample was 47.98% cellulose, 28.15% hemicellulose and 22.3% lignin. Pretreatment with 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (ionic liquid) showed an increase in cellulose content of around 4.25% and hemicellulose content of around 7.7%, with simultaneous delignification of 12.25%. In contrast, with dilute sulfuric acid, the lignin and cellulose content of the sample fell to 3.88% and 1.88% respectively. Hemicellulose content, on the other hand, increased by only 3.58%. After dilute acid hydrolysis (5% H₂SO₄), the values for total reducing sugar, glucose and xylose were 66.06±1.34 mg.g^-1; 36.25 ± 1.2 mg.g^-1 and 29.71 ± 0.6 mg.g^-1 respectively. The percentage conversion of sugars was 55.16 ± 0.5% for cellulose to glucose and 53.76 ± 0.75% for hemicellulose to xylose. The hydrolyzed product of the complex polysaccharide was then converted to ethanol using commercial yeast. Results showed an ethanol yield of around 10.3%, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results confirmed bioethanol production. A. bella oilseeds cakes are therefore a potential source for ethanol production.

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