TY - JOUR AU - ONOJA, Samuel O. AU - EZEH, Gladys C. AU - UDEH, Nkeiruka E. AU - IKPA, Chinyere B. C. AU - UGOJI, Daniel AU - UKWUEZE, Jessica I. AU - MADUBUIKE, Kelechi G. AU - ABA, Patrick E. AU - EZEJA, Maxwell I. PY - 2021/03/02 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Anti-ulcer property of methanol fraction of Callichilia subsessilis leaf extract in albino rats JF - Notulae Scientia Biologicae JA - Not Sci Biol VL - 13 IS - 1 SE - Research articles DO - 10.15835/nsb13110886 UR - https://notulaebiologicae.ro/index.php/nsb/article/view/10886 SP - 10886 AB - <p style="text-align: justify;">Peptic ulcer is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is treated with herbal preparations in developing countries. This study investigated the anti-ulcer property of methanol fraction of <em>Callichilia subsessilis</em> leaf in albino rats. Methanol extract prepared through the cold maceration method was partitioned into chloroform and methanol fraction using a separating funnel. The methanol fraction of <em>Callichilia subsessilis </em>(MFCS) was concentrated <em>in vacuo </em>using a rotary evaporator. The acute toxicity was determined using the brine shrimp lethality test and the up-and-down method at a dose limit of 2000 mg/kg. The anti-ulcer activity of MFCS was evaluated at the doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg using indomethacin-and ethanol-induced ulcer models. Misoprostol was used as a reference standard. The ulcer score, index and severity were determined using standard methods. Isolated rabbit jejunum tissue in Tyrode’s solution was used to establish the possible mechanism of anti-ulcer activity of MFCS. The LC<sub>50</sub> and LD<sub>50</sub> of MFCS were greater than 10,000 ppm and 2,000 mg/kg respectively. The MFCS exhibited significant (p &lt; 0.05) dose-dependent anti-ulcer activity in all the ulcer models used. The MFCS (25 mg/kg) produced 52% and 41.33% inhibition of ulcer index in the indomethacin- and ethanol-induced ulcer models respectively. In the isolated tissue model, MFCS caused significant (p &lt; 0.05) relaxation of the rhythmic contraction of the isolated rabbit jejunum and partially inhibited acetylcholine- and histamine-induced contraction of the jejunal smooth muscles. In conclusion, MFCS exhibited anti-ulcer (antihistaminic and anticholinergic) effects. This study justified the use of <em>Callichilia subsessilis </em>leaves in traditional medicine as an anti-ulcer remedy.</p> ER -