Response of the flag leaf for Moroccan bread wheat varieties in the field, highlighting its biochemical composition in its  resistance mechanism against yellow rust

Ilham DEHBI; Moussa EL JARROUDI; Chaimae EL HAMIDI; Hajar EL HAMSS; Rachid  EZZOUGGARI; Kaoutar BOURAK; Zineb BELABESS; Salah-Eddine  LAASLI; Hamid MAZOUZ; Rachid LAHLALI

doi:10.55779/nsb16312053

Authors

Ilham DEHBI Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole National of Agriculture Meknes, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001; Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, BP 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50000 (MA)
Moussa EL JARROUDI Department of Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Liege, Arlon 6700 (BE)
Chaimae EL HAMIDI Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole National of Agriculture Meknes, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001 (MA)
Hajar EL HAMSS Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole National of Agriculture Meknes, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001 (MA)
Rachid EZZOUGGARI Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation, and Valorization of Natural Resources (LBCVNR), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, 30000 (MA)
Kaoutar BOURAK Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid Ben Guerir, 43150 (MA)
Zineb BELABESS Plant Protection Laboratory, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Meknes, National Institute of Agri-cultural Research, Km 13, Route Haj Kaddour, BP.578, Meknes (MA)
Salah-Eddine LAASLI Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole National of Agriculture Meknes, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001 (MA)
Hamid MAZOUZ Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, BP 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50000 (MA)
Rachid LAHLALI Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole National of Agriculture Meknes, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001 (MA)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb16312053

Keywords:

AAS spectroscopy, bread wheat varieties, chemical composition, FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, natural field inoculation, stripe rust

Abstract

This investigation aimed to assess the responsiveness of fourteen Moroccan bread wheat varieties to yellow rust induced by Puccinia striiformis tritici (Pst) in comparison with a susceptible variety ‘Amal’ through natural inoculation in the field, employing a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). A comprehensive evaluation, encompassing 20 variables related to epidemiological, phenological, morphological, and physicochemical parameters, was conducted. In elucidating the role of the leaf in wheat resistance to stripe rust, the mineral and organic composition was scrutinized using sophisticated molecular detection techniques—Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). These two methodologies, recognized for their efficacy, facilitated the measurement of varying concentrations of lipids and carboxylic esters in the epicuticular wax on the adaxial flag leaf. Additionally, the quantity of essential minerals was determined. The outcomes revealed distinct responses among bread wheat varieties to stripe rust, with ‘Faiza’, ‘Bandera’, and ‘Resulton’ demonstrating heightened resistance, manifesting severity values below 15%. Conversely, ‘Amal’ exhibited the lowest level of resistance. Furthermore, lipid concentration reached its pinnacle in ‘Faiza’, ‘Bandera’ and ‘Resulton’ while ‘Amal’ displayed the lowest lipid levels. Severity exhibited a very weak correlation with Zn, weak correlations with Cu, and moderate correlations with Ca and K (p<0.05). This study provides valuable insights guiding future research endeavours aimed at enhancing the genetic traits of these elite cultivars for integration into Morocco’s cereals program.

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