Flow cytometry and chromosome numbers variation in argan  tree Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels

Ali EL BOUKHARI; Salma TABI; Abdelhamid  EL MOUSADIK; Rachida EL BOULLANI; Abdelghani TAHIRI; Meriyem KOUFAN; Hamid BENYAHIA; Rachid BOUHARROUD; Naima AIT AABD

doi:10.55779/nsb15111451

Authors

Ali EL BOUKHARI Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, B.P. 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090; Ibn Zohr University, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, PoB 8106, Agadir (MA)
Salma TABI Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, B.P. 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090; Sultan My Sliman University, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Laboratory of Natural Resources, Environment and Health, B.P 523, Beni Mellal (MA)
Abdelhamid EL MOUSADIK Ibn Zohr University, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, PoB 8106, Agadir, (MA)
Rachida EL BOULLANI Ibn Zohr University, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, PoB 8106, Agadir, (MA)
Abdelghani TAHIRI Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, B.P. 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090 (MA)
Meriyem KOUFAN Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, B.P. 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090 (MA)
Hamid BENYAHIA Regional Center of Agronomic Research of Kenitra, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, B.P. 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090 (MA)
Rachid BOUHARROUD Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, B.P. 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090 (MA) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8914-1050
Naima AIT AABD Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, B.P. 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090 (MA)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15111451

Keywords:

Argane tree, chromosome number, cytogenetic, flow cytometry, genetic diversity

Abstract

Argania spinosa L. Skeels is an endemic species of west-central Morocco, which is characterized by a high diversity of morphological and genetic traits. It constitutes a natural resource for oleo-agro-sylvo-pastoral uses. All conservation and genetic breeding strategies aimed to domesticate argan require a good knowledge of the plant material. However, several studies focused on agronomical, morphological, phytochemical, and molecular characterization, while the cytogenetic aspects were less investigated. The objective of this work is to identify the chromosome number and ploidy level on the national argan collection at the Agadir Regional Agronomic Research Center, Morocco. The determination of the chromosome number was carried out on root tips of germinated seeds collected from five trees genotypes selected on various morphological aspects. As a result, chromosome count on active root tip cells showed variation in the number (2n = 20; 2n = 22; 2n = 24) with a stable ploidy level (2n = 2x) that is confirmed by flow cytometry. These results combine two previous findings (2n=20, 2n=24) and reveal a third existence of twenty-two chromosome. As a conclusion, A. spinosa has three chromosomal numbers which represent the genetic diversity of the chromosomal number that this species exhibits. More studies are required to explain this variation on chromosome numbers for future breeding programs and to avoid incompatibilities.

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