Diversity and Distribution of Endomycorrhizae and Dark Septate Endophytes of some Economically Important Bamboos of Assam, India

Authors

  • Vipin PARKASH Forest Research Institute (ICFRE), Forest Protection Division, Dehradun 248006, Uttarakhand (IN)
  • Liza HANDIQUE Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat 785001, Assam (IN)
  • Priya DHUNGANA Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat 785001, Assam (IN)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb11310343

Keywords:

bambusicolous fungi; endophytic fungi; rhizosphere; root colonization; VAM fungi

Abstract

The genus Bambusa Schreb. which belongs to the Poaceae family is commonly present in north-eastern region of India. A survey was undertaken in three villages viz. Tilikiaam, Maoutgaon and Nathgaon of Jorhat district, Assam, North-east India, where natural populations of Bambusa species were observed. Four bamboo species i.e. Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss, B. tulda Roxb., B. pallida Munro and B. nutans Wall. ex. Munro were found locally economically important and the rhizospheric soil and root samples were collected for  screening of dark septate endophytes (DSE) as well as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization. Quantitative analysis of root samples showed the presences of all the three types of endomycorrhizal root infection/colonization namely hyphal, vesicular and arbuscular. Beside this, the dark septate endophytic infections were also observed in all the bamboo species. The cent-percent endomycorrhizal (hyphal and vesicular) and DSE hyphal infections were reported in roots of all the bamboo species respectively. There were variations observed in arbuscular infection in B. nutans and B. bambos (100%), B. pallida (90%) and least in B. tulda (70%). Qualitative analysis revealed that the Endomycorrhizae found in the rhizospheric soil predominantly belongs to five genera viz. Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora and Entrophospora. The genus Glomus, is the most dominant, with 17 species (61%), Acaulospora with 7 species (25%), Entrophospora with 2 species (7%), Scutellospora (3.5%) and Gigaspora (3.5%) with 1 species each. Distribution of AM fungi were highest in B. bamboos (67.7%) followed by B. pallida (19.4%), B. tulda (11.1%) and least in B. nutans (2.8%). Bamboo resources have been considerably declining due to exploitation, shifting cultivation, gregarious flowering and extensive forest fires from the natural habitats. Therefore, further microbial based applied researches should be undertaken to protect the dwindling natural bamboo resources and considering AMF bioinoculants in future management practices in order to maintain diminishing ecosystems.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Allen MF (1992). Mycorrhizal functioning: an integrative plant-fungal process. Chapman and Hall, New York.

Bonfante-Fasolo P (1984). Anatomy and morphology of VA mycorrhizae. VA Mycorrhizae 57:5-33.

Caldwell BA, Jumpponen A, Trappe JM (2000). Utilization of major detrital substrates by dark septate, root endophytes. Mycologia 92(2):230-232.

Cho EJ, Lee DJ, Wee CD, Kim HL, Cheong YH, Cho JS, Sohn BK (2009). Effects of AMF inoculation on growth of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer seedlings and on soil structures in mycorrhizosphere. Scientia Horticulturae 122(4):633-637.

Cruz RED, Husain T (2008). Effect of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi inoculation on coppicing ability and drought resistance of Senna spectabilis. Pakistan Journal of Botany 40(5):2217-2224.

Currah RS, Tsuneda A (1993).Vegetative and reproductive morphology of Phialocephala fortinii (Hyphomycetes, Mycelium radicis atrovirens) in culture. Transactions of Mycological Society of Japan 34:345-356.

Das P, Kayang H (2010). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes colonization in bamboo from North east India. Frontiers of Agriculture in China 4(3):375-382.

Dash D, Naugraiya MN, Gupta SB (2008). Response of three bamboo species to vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculation in nursery. Range Management and Agroforestry 29(2):125-128.

Fernando AA, Currah RS (1995). Leptodontidium orchidicola (Mycelium radicis atrovirens complex): aspects of its conidiogenesis and ecology. Mycotaxon 54:287-294.

Gaur A, Adholeya A (1994). Estimation of VAMF spores in soil: a modified method. Mycorrhiza News 6(1):10-11.

Gerdemann JW, Nicholson TH (1963). Spores of mycorrhizal Endogene extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting. Transactions of British Mycological Society 46:235-244.

Gianinazzi - Pearson V, Smith SE, Gianinazzi S, Smith FE (1991). Enzymatic studies on the metabolism of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas: V. Is H+â€ATPase a component of ATPâ€hydrolysing enzyme activities in plant-fungus interfaces? New Phytologist 117(1):61-76.

Govindarajulu M, Pfeffer PE, Jin H, Abubaker J, Douds DD, Allen JW, ... Shachar-Hill Y (2005). Nitrogen transfer in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Nature 435(7043): 819-823.

Hall IR (1988). Potential for exploiting vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in agriculture. Advances in Biotechnological Processes (USA) 2:175-202.

Harley JL, Smith SE (1983). Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic Press, London, pp 483.

Harris D, Pacovsky RS, Paul EA (1985). Carbon economy of soybean-rhizobium-glomus associations. New Phytologist 101(3):427-440.

Haselwandter K, Read DJ (1980). Fungal associations of roots of dominant and sub-dominant plants in high-alpine vegetation systems with special reference to mycorrhiza. Oecologia 45:57-62.

Hayman DS (1975). The occurrence of mycorrhiza in crops as affected by soil fertility. In: Sanders FE, Mosse B, Tinker PB (Eds). Endomycorrhizas. Academic Press, London pp 495-509.

Hock B, Varma A (1995). Mycorrhiza structure, function, molecular biology and biotechnology. Springer, Berlin.

Jamaluddin A, Chandra KK, Goswami MJ (2001). Effectiveness of various types of VAM inocula on growth and biomass of Bambusa nutans. Mycorrhiza News 12(3):15-17.

Jha A, Kumar A, Saxena RK, Kamalvanshi M, Chakravarty N (2012). Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculations on seedling growth and biomass productivity of two bamboo species. Indian Journal of Microbiology 52(2):281-285.

Jha DK, Sharma GD, Mishra RR (1992). Ecology of soil microflora and mycorrhizal symbionts in degraded forests at two altitudes. Biology and Fertility of Soils 12(4):272-278.

Jiang W, Gou G, Ding Y (2013). Influences of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and mineral element absorption of Chenglu hybrid bamboo seedlings. Pakistan Journal of Botany 45(1):303-310.

Johansson JF, Paul LR, Finlay RD (2004). Microbial interactions in the mycorrhizosphere and their significance for sustainable agriculture. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 48(1):1-13.

Jumpponen A (2001). Dark septate endophytes - are they mycorrhizal? Mycorrhiza 11(4):207-211.

Jumpponen A, Mattson K, Trappe JM (1998). Mycorrhizal functioning of Phialocephala fortinii with Pinus contorta on glacier fore front soil: interactions with soil nitrogen and organic matter. Mycorrhiza 7(5):261-265.

Jumpponen A, Trappe JM (1998). Dark septate endophytes: a review of facultative biotrophic root colonizing fungi. The New Phytologist 140(2):295-310.

Khan SN, Uniyal K (1999). Association of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with different bamboo species at a reforested site. Indian Journal Forestry 22:405-408.

Liu RJ, XL Li (2000). Arbuscular mycorrhizae and its application. Science Press, Beijing, pp 70-71.

Martin JK (1971). Influence of plant species and plant age on rhizosphere microflora. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 24(4):1143-1150.

Miller RM (1979). Some occurrence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in natural and disturbed ecosystems of the red desert. Canadian Journal of Botany 57(6):619-623.

Morton JB, Benny GL (1990). Revised classification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Zygomycetes): New order, Glomales two new sub-orders Glomineae and Gigasporineae and two new families, Aculosporaceae and Gigasporaceae with emendation of Glomaceae. Mycotaxon 37:471-491.

Mukerji KG (1996). Taxonomy of endomycorrhizal fungi. In: Mukerji KG, Mathur B, Chamola BP, Chitralekha P (Eds). Advances in Botany, APH Pub. Crop. New Delhi pp 211-221.

Nemec S, Guy G (1982). Carbohydrate status of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal citrus root stocks. Journal American Society for Horticultural Science 107:177-180.

Nemec S, Meredith FI (1981). Amino acid content of leaves in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal citrus root stocks. Annals of Botany 47(3):351-358.

Phillips JM, Hayman DS (1970). Improved produces for clearing roots and staining parasitic and VAM fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transactions of the British mycological Society 55(1):158-161.

Ravikumar R, Anathakrishnan G, Appasamy T, Ganapathi A (1997). Effect of endomycorrhizae (VAM) on bamboo seedling growth and biomass productivity. Forest Ecology and Management 98(3):205-208.

Rillig MC (2004). Arbuscular mycorrhizae, glomalin, and soil aggregation. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 84(4):355-363.

Rillig MC, Mummey DL (2006). Mycorrhizas and soil structure. New Phytologist 171(1):41-53.

Schenck NC, Perez Y (1990). Manual for the identification of VA mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. University of Florida, Synergistic Pub., Florida, USA, pp 241.

Serrigny J (1982). Etudes cytologiaue, cytochimique, et cytoenzyrnologique dune orchidee tropicale: Epidendrum sp. Diplomed Etude Approfondie, University of Nancy, pp 32.

Simard SW, Jones MD, Durall DM (2002). Carbon and nutrient fluxes within and between mycorrhizal plants. In: Van der Heijden MGA, Sanders IR (Eds.). Mycorrhizal ecology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin pp 33-74.

Singh S (2001). Mycorrhizal dependency, Part 3: evaluation of dependency and intraspecific variation. Mycorrhiza News 13(3):2-12.

Smith FA (1996). Mutualism and parasitism: diversity in function and structure in the ‘arbuscular’ (VA) mycorrhizal symbiosis. Advances in Botanical Research 22:1-43.

Downloads

Published

2019-09-30

How to Cite

PARKASH, V., HANDIQUE, L., & DHUNGANA, P. (2019). Diversity and Distribution of Endomycorrhizae and Dark Septate Endophytes of some Economically Important Bamboos of Assam, India. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 11(3), 447–454. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb11310343

Issue

Section

Research articles
CITATION
DOI: 10.15835/nsb11310343